Surgeons should have extensive expertise in performing complex reconstructive surgery on the kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, and male genitals. Common reconstructive surgery procedures include:

Urethral disruption injuries caused by a fractured pelvis

Recto-urinary fistulas following prostatectomy or pelvic surgery or after radiation therapy

Refractory male urethral strictures

Major bladder reconstruction

Major ureter reconstruction

Vesicovaginal or ureterovaginal fistulas after pelvic surgery

Male urinary incontinence

Peyronie’s disease